I'm working on a '62 Jeep FC 150 (Dana 44-1 front and back axles)...hoping to get it to a daily driver. In
doing so, I'm exploring the possibility to convert to disc brakes. Hoping to gather as much insight as
possible before pulling the trigger.

Can disc breaks be pulled from any Dana 44 axle (Ford pickup) and affixed (in a functional manner) to my
vehicle? Are any adapters required?

Any insight would be appreciated...thanks.  

I think most of this will carry over to your  front axle on the FC which I think is a Dana 27?:

http://www.jpmagazine.com/techarticles/drivetrain/154_0704_early_jeep_disk_brake_conversion/index.html  

ahh, thanks, i didn't have tolook for the link!

broncograveyard.com also has tons of conversion parts and info  

Ohh yea! you might also want to look into/talk to Herm from Herm the overdrive guy. He also sells a kit that would allow the use of a more modern master-cylinder that would probably go along great with a disc conversion. I think his parts would work on an FC, but I am not sure... Eh I have never really had much of an opportunity to look at an FC.  

The front axle is marked 44-1F and the rear axle is marked 44-1...I believe they are both Dana 44 axles. The conversions I've seen are for 27 and 30s.

I've seen do-it-yourself-ers talk about doing the conversion with Ford parts...